Update generating-schemas.md

articles/modeling/generating-schemas.md

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+# Generating Schema 
 
+## What 
+- A schema is metadata that defines the structure, properties, and relationships between data. It also defines the rules that must be adhered to and is usually in the form of a document. 
+- A structured approach is always recommended for handling and manipulating data. 
+- The "$ref" keyword is used to reference a schema. 
+
+## Why 
+- A schema definition makes the process of handling data more structured.
+- The process of validation and handling user input errors can be imprioved through the use of schemas. 
+- Schemas encourage the 'single source of truth' (single place to update a definition) concept which, among other things, makes it easier to create and maintain endpoints. 
+
+## Best Practices 
+- It is advisable to always use a schema when you define and implement your API.
+- Use schemas to rapidly extract titles, descriptions, and samples for easy API documentation. 
+
+## JSON Schema 
+- JSON (Javascript Object Notation) is a popular, human readable data format that is easy to parse at the server or client side. 
+- JSON Schema is a standard that contains information about the properties of a JSON object that can be used by an API. It also helps validate the structure of JSON data. 
+    -The properties include: name, title, type etc. 
+- JSON Schema Specification is divided into three parts: 
+  - **JSON Schema Core**: describes the basic foundation of JSON Schema
+  - **JSON Schema Validation**: describes methods that define validation constraints. It also describes a set of keywords that can be used to specify validations. 
+  - **JSON Hyper-Schema**: an extension of the JSON Schema Specification that defines hyperlink, images, and hypermedia-related keywords. 
+
+## Example 
+Assume you have an API that requires data provided in the format below: 
+
+```
+{
+  pets: [
+    {id:1 petName: "Blaze", petType: "Canine", age: 2},
+    {id: 2, petName: "Felicia", petType: "Feline", age: 1}
+    {id: 2, petName: "Bolt", petType: "Canine", age: 3}
+    
+  ]
+}
+```
+As seen above, each object in the pets array contains the following properties: id, petName, and petType. You can create a schema definition to validate the data and ensure it is in the expected format. The schema definition is outlined below: 
+
+```
+{
+  "type":"object",
+  "properties": {
+    "pets": {
+      "type": "array",
+      "items": {
+        "type": "object",
+        "properties": {
+          "id": {"type": "number"},
+          "petName": {"type": "string", "required": true},
+          "petType": {"type": "number", "required": true},
+          "age": {"type": "number"}
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+### Related Articles 
+- [JSON Schema](http://json-schema.org/specification.html)